First a complete history is taken:

• about the present problem and the reason for the visit.
•  medical history as far as other diseases are concerned including
  previous hospitalizations and possible surgeries.
•  medications taken and possible pharmaceutical or other
  allergies

A routine neurological examination includes:

• skull exam (cranial nerve check)
•  mobility test (muscle strength test, check
  reflexes)
•  examination of sensibility (hypesthesia, palesthesia, rough touch and
  pain)
•  cerebellar tests (control of balance, synergy
  movements)
• examination of posture and gait (with open and closed
  eyes)
•  psycho-intellectual examination and memory examination (if needed)

Determination of diagnostic tests: 

•  hematological and biochemical control
•  neurophysiological test (Electromyogram)
•  simple x-rays (e.g. of the neck)
• CT scan of brain and spine
•  MRI of the brain and spine
•  ultrasound and triplex of cervical vessels, carotids
•  angiography